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A recent study conducted by some Chicago researchers has revealed that the layer of internal mucosa inside the penis is more susceptible to HIV infection than its external skin or cervical tissue. If this is true, then it would mean that men with uncircumcised penis run a greater risk of contacting HIV infection than the one who have had undergone circumcision already. In fact, this upward trend in the number of HIV infections amongst uncircumcised men had been noticed earlier itself - in the various studies conducted - but the exact reason for this was unknown to the experts till date. A study published in the September issue of the American Journal of Pathology by researchers at Children's Memorial Hospital, the University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health, and the Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, throws light over the possible biological mechanisms that could explain the science behind the protective shield that circumcision offers. The researchers studied foreskin tissue samples taken from six adults and eight children who had undergone circumcision for some reason or the other. These tissues, when compared with cervical tissue that served as controls, it was found out that the internal mucosa layer have a higher concentration of the cells that are more prone to HIV infection than the latter. In other words, the foreskin mucosa had a higher percentage of macrophages, CD4 T cells, and Langerhans' Cells (LC), which are HIV target cells, than cervical tissue. Further, it has been observed that the concentration of HIV target cells in foreskin mucosa is higher for people who already have had any sexually transmitted infection earlier. This finding in fact is consistent with some the earlier studies done by researchers, which have pointed out that HIV infection is more in people having STD infections or with a similar history than one without it. According to the associated scientists, while this study proves beyond doubt the difference in levels of infection that affects foreskin mucosa and cervical tissue, they have not yet verified the results in the case of a circumcised penis owing to the difficulty in obtaining tissue samples of the same due to various reasons. For the time being, the result is like, if this is true, the other is also ought to be true. In order to address this short coming, Mr. Robert Bailey, PhD, MPH, Division of Epidemiology, from the School of Public Health at the University of Illinois at Chicago and his team is conducting an elaborate study in East Africa by collecting tissue samples from 1,400 people – both circumcised and uncircumcised – belonging to the same city, and conducting various experiments, the results of which will be published in another four years time. Hopefully, that will provide a solid conclusion on the debate, whether circumcision reduced HIV risk or not. pennis enlargement device penis enlargment result penis elargement procedure penis enlargement traction device penis enlarement picture penis enlargement testimonials vimax medical penis enlargement herbal penis enlargement pill

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Question: Have plastic food and beverage containers been proven safe? Answer: No. During the film's graduation party in THE GRADUATE, Mr. McGuire pulls Benjamin Braddock (Dustin Hoffman) aside to offer sage advice for his future. His future would be one word: "plastics." Of course, we all know Mr. McGuire's advice and prognostication was correct. Plastics can only be made by man in his infinite wisdom, hence they are patentable. The profit in the manufacture of plastics has been huge. Plastics are everywhere. Plastic manufacturing now uses 4% of the world's oil production annually. Automobiles are now 9% plastic. It is of my special concern that more foods and beverages are being put into plastic containers. Plastics are ubiquitous now. They persist and accumulate in our society as their production exceeds their chemical degradation rate. Harmful chemicals from plastics are now commonly found in groundwater, waterways, and drinking water. While standing out in the summer heat in Phoenix, Arizona in 1981, my girlfriend asked me what was causing the film to form on the inside of the windshield of her new Mazda 626. She said that she had to wipe it off every morning so she could see to drive to work. I didn't know then. I do now! It was phthalates, the chemical that was added to the plastic dash cover to soften it and prevent cracking. I'm sure by now most of the phthalate has evaporated into our atmosphere and the Mazda is in some junkyard with a cracked up dash. Phthalates are EDC's (Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals.) They are chemicals found in recycle codes #1 through #6 plastics. Another EDC (Bisphenol A) is in recycle code #7 plastics. All of these types of plastic EDC's interfere with the function of sex hormones receptors. In THE GRADUATE Benjamin was quite a stud. I wonder if he's now taking one of the popular drugs to treat erectile dysfunction, a disorder that has become one of the many epidemics in our new plastic world. In 2003 a group of Croatian scientists reported that phthalates in plastics dissolved in various solutions. They used a variety of plastic items, including plastic food containers. After 10 days of sitting in distilled water, an average of 55.4 mg/ of phthalates from each kilogram of plastic "migrated" into the water. To a lesser degree the phthalates from plastics dissolved into acetic acid 3% (44.4 mg/kg) and 10% ethyl alcohol (32.3 mg/kg). The Croatian study shows what Benjamin would suspect, if he took chemistry in college: Water is the universal solvent; and it dissolves even the primarily fat soluble phthalates. The more that you filter water to remove other toxic solutes, the more aggressive water becomes in its power to reach osmolar equilibrium by dissolving its non-inert containers. What is also obviously missing from the Croatians' controlled, static testing model are the temperature variations that the plastic bottled water product goes through to get from bottling point to the mouth of the consumer. Transport trucks probably reach a very high temperature in the non refrigerated cargo areas that carry PETE (recycle code #1 plastic) bottled water in the summer. Heat facilitates the dissolution of phthalates into the water. Then the bottles may be stored for a much longer time than 10 days prior to consumption. Furthermore, freezing the containers produces micro-fissures in the interior surface of the plastic bottle container as the water expands, exponentially exposing more solute surface area. Traumatic handling or any motion of the package will further enhance diffusion. Applying the laws of physics, all of these factors clearly by extrapolation will increase the water dissolution of the plastic containers. Fatty foods in plastic containers are even more problematic, as fats are absorbed differently and carry their phthalate solvents into our bodies more easily. Phthalates bio-accumulate because of their fat solubility. Phthalates concentrate in such fat organs in our bodies such as brains, prostates, testicles, ovaries, breasts and, unfortunately, breast milk. (The other popular food alternatives for infants are worse. Commercial baby formulas are loaded with the manmade phthalates.) I think the worst example of food containment in plastic is milk. All milk except non-fat milk contains fat. Cow milk itself represents a major source of the fats ingested by the public, especially children. Cattle concentrate these chemicals by bioaccummulation because EDC's from plastics are ubiquitous in water and most animal food sources. Meat and dairy products are therefore a major contributor to this group of human food chain derived toxins, regardless of their containment. It is now irresponsible to add more phathalates to the products by putting the milk products in plastic containers that add MORE EDC's. Cattle have intentially been "fattened up" by adding hormones AND unintentially "fattened up" more by the contamination of cattle food and water by EDC's. The combination of these chemicals passed on to the consumers in concentrated form in milk products will most likely exacerbate obesity in humans that consume them as well. Our current scientific knowledge and common sense screams for an end to consumer purchase of milk bottled in plastics. Until milk companies have their products quantatatively analysed for these EDC's by competent independant laboratories, my strong recommendation is to avoid purchase and consumption of milk and dairy products contained in plastic. Sadly, the Croatian authors' 2003 conclusions about the safety of plastics were: "These (exposure) levels would not present a hazard for human health, not even for a prolonged period of time." However, what was deemed acceptable levels of phthalates in 2003 now is recognized as "crystal clearly" too high. Selective interpretations from the ACC (American Chemistry Council) lead to this erroneously high level being "set" for past toxicity standards. The ACC is an "industry group" advisor. It's much like the wolf guarding the henhouse. Thanks to the ACC efforts, control regulations placed upon this chemical class are minimal. An ongoing perpetuation of phthalate approval for use in virtually everything, including containment of food, has resulted. In fact, the perpetuation of these mythological high safety standards has resulted in the majority of our food being wrapped or contained in plastics that leach EDC's into our foods. The ACC's Phthalate Esters Panel is made up representatives from BASF, Eastman Chemical, Exxon-Mobil Chemical, Ferro, and Teknor Apex Corporations. After graduating, Benjamin could have gone to work for any of these companies to share the wealth that plastics manufacturing have reaped, instead of hanging around and sporting Mrs. Robinson for the summer! I love one of the rationalization examples the ACC makes on their PHTHALATES INFORMATION CENTER webpage: "Thanks to phthalates, your nail polish doesn't chip." I wonder if they are aware of the "unexplained" high rate of breast cancer in manicurists. I also wonder if they are aware that most breast tissues and breast cancers have sex hormone receptors that are acted upon by the EDC's found in plastics. To further confuse the public, the ACC webpage also redefines the PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE which in its un-perverted definition simply is: A (chemical) should not be considered safe until it is proven safe. Environmentalists who are trying to unravel the cause-effect relationships of environment chemicals, to the otherwise unexplained epidemics of various diseases now affecting man as well as every species on our planet, encourage its application. The ACC's watered down version suggests that cost effective, fearless risks are worth taking. Can the ACC keep up the phthalate safety illusion forever? The American Tobacco Association almost got away with it! We now know that EDC's, like hormones themselves require very minute amounts to have physiologic impact. EDC's are active in parts per trillion! For example, the usual adult maintenance dose of levothyroxine, a drug to replace depleted natural thyroid hormone in hypothyroidism, is 1.6 micrograms/Kg/day. Why would I even think about saying that a dose in the milligrams (1000 times as much as a microgram) of a known EDC would be safe, especially for a child or developing fetus? We now know that phthalates also work in synergy with chemicals in other classes to exert "more than additive" physiologic effects. Previous experiments in rodents showed that high levels of phthalates interfer with testosterone during gestation resulting in birth defects of the genitalia, testicular cancer, and infertility in the rats. The ACC inspired acceptable level of phthalate myth should be blown out of the water with a recent study completed by the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry. This study of 85 human infant boys reported in May 2005 showed that phthalate levels found normally in the general population adversely influenced sexual development. The phthalate exposure these children had correlated with smaller penis size and incomplete testicular descent, which is a condition that greatly increases the risk of testicular cancer if left untreated. Solution 1 - Choose glass containers over plastic for purchase and storage of food and beverages including milk and water. American children can consume several milligrams of phthalate each day. I wonder if THE GRADUATE's Mr. Robinson noticed that most of the teenage girls now-days have bigger breasts than his seductive wife (gynecomastia), and that they begin thelarche (breast development) and menarche (menstruation) at a significantly younger age, or that many more have an endocrine pathology called PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome). The chances of a woman getting breast cancer in her lifetime has probably gone from a risk of less than 1 in 10 (10%) before THE GRADUATE was made to a 1 in about 7.5 (13.2 %) rate today. The choice to avoid food chain plastics is a "no-brainer" when you understand how these chemicals persist and accumulate in our environment, and how they function in our bodies! Solution 2 - Choose stainless steel containers over plastic for storage of food and beverages including water. Unfortunately, we are past the point of no return with phthalates. Just like cigarettes I think we'll have to live as prisoners with their impact on future generations. The only defense we have at this time is to individually choose to avoid them when we can, to mitigate their effects on our health. Phthalates clearly act upon hormone receptors in both men and women. A concern is the potential phthalate impact on breast and other hormone sensitive tissue in human females, but phthalate's demasculinizing potential on males is more of a threat to all species on the planet. Unlike Mr. McGuire, I think we can choose a better future by avoiding his "one word." We should start by trying to reduce plastics in our food chain exposures. Bottom line: I would strongly advise consumers to purchase beverages and non-solid food products packaged in glass rather than plastic if given the choice. © Life Dynamix 2005 All Rights Reserved pennis enlargement fact penis enlargement herb penile enlargment tip natural penis enargement buy place vigrx vimax cheapest penis enlargement pills vimax cheapest penis enlargement pills natural penis enlargment exercise enlargement forum free matter pennis size

As long as people have been having sex for fun, there have been methods of birth control. Other than abstinence, which is not really very exciting, the next oldest method of birth control is the withdrawal method, sometimes known by its latin name, coitus interruptus. The withdrawal method is not very complicated. It´s most important feature is that the penis must be withdrawn from the vagina before intercourse. If ejaculation happens inside the vagina, or if semen comes into contact with the vagina, withdrawal has not been used. Withdrawal has been criticized from a number of angles. One of the most important criticisms is that many men do not have the discipline to consistently withdraw. As if may be difficult to know when to woman is ovulating, withdrawal must happen each and every time. Another criticism is that pre-ejaculate contains some sperm. This is sometimes true, which affects the overall effectiveness of the method. When it is used consistently, withdrawal is much better than not using any type of contraception at all. If you simply don´t want to abstain, and you don´t have any birth control available, using withdrawal is well advised. For people who do want to be a bit more prepared, there are many types of contraceptives available. Condoms, pills, devices, diaphragms caps and charts are some of the modern methods that are available to today's sexually active partners. penis elargement excersizes top rated penile enlargment pills manual penis enlargment exercise enlargement penis pills vimax enlargement erection penis pill vimax vig rx cheapest penis enlargement pills vimax penis enlargement operation enlargement forum free matter pennis size

Breast augmentation has been the subject of much debate, and much has been said for and against it. Understanding the definition is, therefore, important. Breast augmentation, technically known as augmentation mammoplasty, is usually carried out to increase breast volume (by one or two bra cup sizes) and enhance its shape following surgery. Often, after weight loss, childbirth, or simply due to aging, breasts lose volume and shape. Also, many women go for breast enlargement in order to have a fuller bustline. Breast augmentation can be performed at any age after the breasts are developed; however, federal regulation prohibits this procedure for women below 18 years of age if it’s done for aesthetic reasons alone. Breast tissue and skin is lifted to create a pocket for each implant. The implant is generally inserted directly under the breast tissue or beneath the chest wall muscle. The surgical incisions are made in the breast crease, around the nipple, or in the armpit to keep scars as inconspicuous as possible. After surgery, breasts appear fuller and more natural in tone and contour. Scars fade with time. It’s also vital to know about breast implant material and the process. Breast implants are generally silicone shells filled with either silicone gel or sterile saline water. Concerns regarding the safety of silicone breast implants have also given rise to some other gel-filled implants. Advantage of using a saline-filled implant is that it requires only a small incision (less than an inch) underneath the breast, just above the crease, for implantation. Another possible location for the incision is around the lower edge of the areola (pigmented skin area surrounding the nipple). A third alternative is a small incision within the armpit where a pocket is created behind the breast tissue or underneath the pectoral muscle for the implant to be inserted. The positive aftereffects of breast augmentation are numerous. Among these are: positive aesthetic results and substantial psychological boost; quick return to normal activities; no risk of breast cancer, autoimmune disease, or any systemic illness; no negative effect on pregnancy or ability to breast-feed. The negative aftereffects include: changes in nipple or breast sensation; post surgery, tightening of the scar may cause the breast to feel firmer than normal; breast implants are temporary and saline implant rupture is normal, the contents being absorbed; pregnancy can alter breast size and affect the long-term results of breast augmentation. After all is said and done, breast augmentation is a very personal decision. However, it does improve the sense of a woman’s self-fulfillment, and has been shown to increase women’s confidence through a better self-image. If a woman has made an informed decision and has fully accepted the risks and responsibility of such a surgical procedure, breast augmentation can indeed be a positive experience. *You have permission to reprint what you just read. Use it in your ezine, at your website or in your newsletter. The only requirement is including the following footer with it... penile enlargement photo manual penile enlargment exercise top rated penile enlargment pills natural penis enlargment and lengthening home penis enhancement enlargement forum free matter pennis size vigrx penis enlargment pill best enlarement exercise penis enlargement forum free matter pennis size

There are times that you are wondering whether you may be pregnant or not. It may be difficult to tell at times especially if you have not been pregnant. There are signs and symptoms that are very common to all pregnant women and these signs have long been unfailing and proven to be manifested by pregnant women. However, you must remember that these signs are not just clues for pregnancy. They may be also signs for other illnesses. It is still best to consult a physician or take the pregnancy test once you have experienced these symptoms. Here are five sure signs that will indicate whether you are about to become a mom or not: 1. If you missed your menstrual period, better take extra care. Once you missed a cycle for your menstruation, it may be a sign that you are pregnant. This is the first symptom that will indicate that you are positive of pregnancy. However, some say that they even experience pregnancy signs even before they miss their period for that cycle. 2. You may also experience a feeling of tenderness on your breasts and nipples. Most of the time, they may also feel like they are swollen. One physical change that you may experience during pregnancy is the feeling you may experience with your breasts. They may also seem heavier and the size becomes a little bigger once you are pregnant. This is an early symptom during pregnancy and may be experienced two weeks after the baby is conceived. This is due to the increased level of progesterone and estrogen hormones in preparation for the production of milk in your breasts. 3. Fatigue is one major symptom experienced during pregnancy. A woman usually feels stressed out during pregnancy especially during the early stages. This is because the body of a pregnant woman works extra hard in the excretion of more hormones and production of more fluids and blood to carry the nutrients to the fetus. The increase in progesterone level, which is a natural depressant, also explains why pregnant women experience sleepiness all the time. 4. Pregnant women also experience nausea, which at often times causes vomiting. This also explains the morning sickness that is experienced during pregnancy. This symptom is manifested during the first 56 days of pregnancy. However, nausea starts on the second week after the baby is conceived. This symptom, although called as morning sickness, may be experienced anytime of the day. The increasing level of estrogen that is produced in the placenta causes the stomach to digest slowly and emptying it may take a longer time. This then results to an upset stomach, which explains why pregnant women vomit. 5. Spotting is also a sure sign that you may be pregnant. You will see that there is a slight bleeding and you may oftentimes feel cramps on your abdomen. You will see small spots of blood during the early stages of pregnancy. This may happen around 11 to 14 days after the egg cell has been fertilized. This is because the fertilized egg begins to stick to the lining of your uterus. The spots of blood are in a lighter red color compared to the usual color of blood you see during menstruation. The cramps on the other hand, are due to the enlargement of the uterus in preparation for the growing fetus. The cramps are similar to the cramping experienced during menstrual periods. Now that you know those pregnancy hints, dealing with them is another story. Though they may sound a bit daunting, there are ways to make them more manageable. Note: This article may be freely reproduced as long as the AUTHOR'S resource box at the bottom of this article is included and all links must be Active/Linkable with no syntax changes.